By Jenny Miyuki
Florida farms have many advantages, as the warmer climate can host certain crops year-round. However, the climate can also disadvantage hosting livestock without shelter or growing crops that require cooler weather. If you’re interested in starting any type of farm on your Florida property, there are a few steps you’ll need to take first before putting your farmer hat on. This guide will provide the basic steps to preparing for farming success.
1. Plan and budget
Starting a Florida farm isn’t as simple as buying goats and planting seeds. Farms cost a lot of money, as you need land, equipment, structures, animals, animal equipment, seeds, vehicles, and more. Land alone can cost thousands of dollars. You’ll need to budget out potential costs versus your income, even if you’re starting a hobby farm. Don’t buy land or animals that are beyond your means. If you already have space on your property, you don’t have to factor in land costs, but all other expenses must be accounted for. Subtract potential monthly costs from monthly income to determine what you can afford. Speaking with a financial advisor is a great way to create a proper budget and plan for your farm.
2. Evaluate your land and climate
Unfortunately, you can’t plant seeds in toxic soil. Some crops will not grow in some regions of Florida due to its semi-tropical climate. You can visit your city or county’s local agricultural offices to research climate ranges and history for your area and determine what crops you can grow. You’ll also need to evaluate the topography of your land. Hilly land may be challenging for crop growth but can benefit livestock. Test your soil in all areas you plan on planting crops or gardens to determine if you can safely grow there.
3. Choose the right vegetation
Florida is usually considered semi-tropical, with mild winters and sweltering, humid summers. Not all vegetation can grow in Florida. However, Florida does provide an advantage to growing many crops in that you don’t have to wait for certain seasons to get a crop going. Okra, broccoli, peas, and sweet potatoes are some vegetables that thrive in Florida climates. Alternatively, citrus, berries, melons, and pineapples are fruits that grow well in the humidity. Determine what crops you’d like your farm to grow and compare them with your area’s climate needs before planting.
4. Build a barn
A barn is ideal for farms regardless of the presence of livestock. Barns can provide shelter for animals, equipment storage, and a place to escape the Florida heat! The size of your barn and how it is constructed will depend on what you’ll use it for. Regardless of the use case or size, you’ll want sturdy, durable materials and a solid structure to withstand Florida’s frequent hurricanes. You’ll also need to determine the type of construction your barn will consist of, whether stick-built or pole barn. If you go the pole barn route, you’ll want sturdy pole barn rafters and other materials to ensure peak durability. If you host livestock in your barn, ensure plenty of room for stables, grooming areas, and feeding stations.
5. Prepare for and choose livestock
Not every farm has to host livestock. You can alternatively choose a small amount of animals for a hobby farm. However, don’t take the decision lightly, as animals are expensive and require much hands-on care. Cows, pigs, and chickens are great choices if you want animals for food. If you’d like companions, goats and horses are ideal. Be sure you have the room to feed, shelter, enrich, and exercise these animals properly. You’ll need the budget as well, including for emergency veterinary care. You’ll also want to research and learn about proper livestock care and equipment beforehand.
6. Learn from farmers
Other farmers can provide insight and tips for first-timers so you don’t get in over your head. Reach out to other local farmers or ask questions online to get a better feel for farming as an occupation or a hobby.
7. Construct farm structures
Apart from a barn, you may need other structures, such as equipment sheds, fencing, crop storage, animal feed storage, and more. Be confident you can budget for these structures as needed and ensure they’re built to withstand high winds and Florida heat. Smaller hobby farms may only need sheds and fencing.
8. Research fertilizers and pesticides
Fertilizers can help keep the soil rich for optimum crop success. You’ll likely want to avoid harmful, toxic fertilizers; natural, plant-healthy fertilizers are best. Pesticides remove problematic pests like insects or animals looking to eat or destroy your crops. They should only be used as needed and contain natural, non-toxic ingredients instead of poisons.
9. Expect the unexpected
Growing plants, hosting animals, and trying to budget for it all can be stressful. There will be problems that pop up that you did not account for. Breathe, try to relax, and take it all in stride. An emergency plan and backup support can help you get back on your feet.
10. Hire help
Farming is a lot of work. Outside of small hobby farms, it can be challenging to manage crops, livestock, budgeting, and daily life all with one person. Hire employees to handle daily tasks for you, even if it’s just a few people. It can make a world of difference in your stress and activity levels.
Conclusion
Florida can be ideal for specific crops and livestock, but soil testing, land evaluation, and climate research can boost crop success. Proper planning and budgeting are vital for starting a farm, as equipment, structures, and livestock care can be expensive. Don’t be afraid to hire help when tasks become too difficult, as farming is a lot of work!
