Every January, New Year’s resolutions regarding exercise means there’s a surge in intentions be more physically active. Typically, gyms and recreation centers see a boost in membership sales and attendance at the beginning of the year.
However, the restrictions placed in response to COVID-19 have encouraged many to turn to digital alternatives for exercising. One popular avenue for digital fitness is YouTube. Early in the pandemic, YouTube fitness creators saw dramatic increases in their popularity.
These YouTube fitness videos represent an accessible, free, and convenient means of engaging in pandemic-safe exercise. What’s less clear to researchers is how YouTube fitness videos compare to traditional in-person instruction.
As physical activity and digital health researchers, my colleagues and I were interested in whether YouTube fitness creators used any behavior change techniques in their videos to improve exercise practice and adherence. Behavior change techniques are established strategies that can help to prompt, motivate and/or sustain behavior changes like exercise. They include things like setting goals, planning for action, repetition, and self-monitoring progress.
In a study to be published in the Journal of Health Psychology, we looked at the 15 most popular YouTube fitness channels (as of Dec. 31, 2020). We studied the top five most popular videos for each channel to see what kinds of behavioral change techniques they used if any.
Overall, videos used, on average, 12.5 behavior change techniques. The most frequently used ones were a demonstration of the behavior, instruction on how to perform the behavior, and unspecified social support, which includes things like encouraging and motivating words.
How the videos introduced the behavior change techniques also varied. For example, some creators didn’t talk during their workouts, while others voiced over their workouts or spoke while working out. One channel, Roberta’s Gym, didn’t even feature a real person exercising but rather a 3D model of a person performing the exercises.
The number of behavioral change techniques used also ranged from only one to 27. In fact, many of the behavior change techniques that are frequently used with in-person training, such as setting goals, creating plans, or giving feedback, were mostly absent in these videos — likely a limitation of the video format.
We were also interested in whether the number or type of behavioral change techniques used was related to the popularity of a creator’s videos. Surprisingly, neither the number of behavior change techniques used nor the use of any specific one was associated with a video’s views, likes, or comments.
From this, we gather that other factors likely play a role in a video or creator’s popularity. It may be that people may relate to the look of a video, the instructor’s personality, or the type of workouts that a particular creator has. The enjoyment or entertainment value of videos may also contribute to this popularity.
For those looking to find a YouTube fitness channel that can help them stick to their exercise-related New Year’s resolutions or just as a fun and accessible alternative to other forms of exercise, here are a few tips:
Don’t feel limited to just what’s popular. We’ve listed some of the most popular channels here, but hundreds (if not thousands) of YouTube fitness creators exist. Our study found that the more popular channels didn’t necessarily use more behavior change techniques, so if you’re the type of person who benefits from more encouragement and structure, refer to our list of who is using more of them.
Among the top 15 channels, we examined, nearly all of them incorporated high-intensity interval training (HIIT) in their videos. Many people like HIIT, and there are established benefits to practicing it in terms of both health and time. However, if the idea of a high-intensity workout puts you off, plenty of popular creators focus on longer, more steady workouts or workouts aimed at beginners.
A YouTube fitness channel that leaves you feeling accomplished, capable, and energized after a workout is a great indication that you’ve found something that works. The better people feel about themselves, and their exercise is a strong predictor of whether they will return to exercise again.
As previously mentioned, there is no end to the fitness content on YouTube. From bodyweight exercises to yoga, dancing, weight training or walking, there are countless ways to change your workout. Keeping exercise interesting is a great way to keep sticking to goals.
Feeling socially supported can help people stay motivated to exercise and overcome barriers that may arise. Many creators run fitness challenges or have social media pages where you can interact with others who are also following the same videos. Some creators also host live workouts, where you can show up at a certain time, follow along, and chat with them in real-time.
Bringing in a friend or family member who would enjoy working out (or the results thereof) can help keep both of you accountable for your goals.
As gyms and recreation centers rotate between restrictions and guidelines for when and how they can operate, YouTube fitness videos present an entertaining and valuable alternative.
This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license.
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